Glass 




Book * CGT^ij, 



F 



llfh III I 



|t0rt|evu §\nk. 

LAKE OKORGE, 

LAKE CHAMPLAIN, 

jrONTREAL AND QUEBEC, 

GREEN AND WHITE MOUNTAINS, 

A NT) 

WILLOUGHBY LAKE, 

WITH 

Maps and Tables of Distances. 



BY Z. THOMPSON, 

Autlioi' of History and Oazettoer ol" Vermont. 



BURLINGTON: 
i PUBLISHED BY S. B. NICHOLS. 



W S L.JBJB^U| l — iUIU-m 



/ 

NORTHEEN GUIDE. 



LAKE OEORQE, --^^^ 



f 

LAKE CHAMPLAIN, 

MONTKEAL AND QUEBEC, 

GREEN AND WHITE MOUNTAINS, 

AND 

WILLOUGHBY LAKE, 

WITH 

Maps and Tables of Distances. 



BY Z. THOMPSON, 

Author of History and Gazetteer of Vermont. 



PUBLISHED BY S. B. NICHOLS. 



BURLINGTON: 
1854. 






^o^oj 



/< 



r 



fe 



LAKE GEORGE. 

Eighteen miles from Saratoga Springs, on the Tvay to 
Lake George, are Glens Falls. These are a considerable 
curiosity. The fall in the Hudson is about fifty feet, which 
aflFords a vast amount of water power. The Plank Road 
from Moreau to Lake George and the l^aratoga and White- 
hall Railroad crosses the Hudson at these falls. The Glens 
Falls Feeder, 11 miles long, connects the river above the 
falls with the Champlaiu Canal near Sandy Hill. The 
road from Glens Falls to Caldwell, at the head of Lake 
George, passes near Bloody Pond. This is near the place 
of action between Col. Williams and Gen. Dieskau, in 1775, 
and into this pond were thrown the bodies of those killed 
in the battle . Hence its name. 

Caldwell is delightfully situated at the south-west end 
of the lake, and contains about two hundred inhabitants. 

The LaJ^e House and United States Hotel at this place 
are much resorted to in summer by travellers and parties 
of pleasure. A steamboat plies regularly between this 
place and the outlet of the lake at Ticonderoga. Near 
Caldwell village, at the south end of the lake, are the ruins 
of Fort Wm. Henry, and about a mile further to the south- 
east are those of Fort George. 

Lake George is §o nearly connected with Lake Cham-n 

A2 



LAKE GEORGE. 



plain, both locally and historically, as to be as a part of it. 
It was visited by Champlain, in 1609, and it might appear 
doubtful, from his own statement, whether it was not to 
this lake that he gave his own name. Succeeding French 
writers, however, confined the name of Champlain to the 
larger of these lakes, and called this Lake St. Sacrament, 
on account of the purity of its waters. The Indian name 
is said to have been Horicon. Mr. Spafford in his Gazet- 
teer of N. Y., sa^s that the natives called it Canideri-oit, 
or the tail of the lake, on account, probablj^ of its connex- 
ion with Lake Champlain. 

Lake George is 3G miles long and from 2 to 3 miles wide, 
and is elevated 243 feet above the tide waters of the Hud- 
son. The scenery around this lake is very much admired. 
The most interesting points of view are said to be at Fort 
George, at a place north of Shelving Rock, 14 miles, and at 
Sabbath Day Point, 24 miles, from the head of the lake. 
The last view is taken southward ; the others towards the 
north. This lake abounds with small and beautiful islands, 
among the most important of which are Diamond Island. 
Tea Island and Long Island. Roger's Rock or Slide, and 
Anthony's Nose, the former on the west and the latter on 
the east side, are two precipices worthy of note. Howe's 
Landing, just behind an island at the outlet of the lake, 
denotes the spot where the unfortunate expedition of Aber- 
crombie landed, and derives its name from Lord Howe, 
who accompanied and fell in that expedition, in 1758. 

This lake has been the scene of several important battles. 
One which has been generally known as the Battle of Lake 
George, was fought at the head of the lake in 1755, be- 
tween the French under the Baron Dieskau and the 
English under Sir Wm. Johnson. Dieskau attacked the 



MASSACEE AT PORT WM, HENRY. 



English in their encampment, but was defeated and slain. 
The loss of the English Avas 130 slain and that of the French 
about 700.* 

The most shocking transaction in the vicinity of this lake, 
was the Massacre at Fort William Henry in 1757. A 
British and provincial army having been collected at Ft* 
Edward and Ft. Wm. Henry under Gen. Webbj for the re- 
duction of the French works on Lake Champlain, the 
French sent a large army up the lake under Gen. Montcalm, 
for their defence. Gen. Webb, then at Fort Wm. Henry, 
learning from Maj. Putnam that this force had entered 
Lake George, returned immediately to Fort Edward, and 
the day following sent Col. Monroe with his regiment to 
reinforce the garison at the lake. The day after Munroe's 
arrival the French appeared at the fort, laid siege to it and 
demanded its surrender. The garrison, consisting of 2500 
men, defended themselves with much bravery for several 
days, with the expectation of succor from Fort Edward. 
But as none came, Munroe was obliged on the 9th of 
August to capitulate. By the articles of capitulation all 
the public property was to be delivered to Montcalm, and 
the garrison were to march out with their arms and baggage, 
and to be escorted to Fort Edward* on condition of not 
serving against the French within the period of eighteen 
months. 

The garrison had no sooner marched out of the fort, than 
a scene of perfidy and barbarity commenced, which it is 
impossible for language to describe. Regardless of the ar- 
ticles of capitulation, the Indians attached to the French 
army, fell upon the defenceless soldieis, plundering and 
murdering all that fell in their way. The French offi.'.crs 
See Thompson's Yermont, part II. page 8. 

A3 



MASSACEEE AT FORT WM. HENRY. 



were idle spectators of this bloody scene ; nor could all The 
entreaties of Monroe persuade them to furnish the promised 
escort. On that fatal day about 1500 of the English were 
either murdered by the savages or carried by them into cap- 
tivity never to return. 

The day following these horrid transactions, Major Put- 
nam was despatched from Fort Edward with his rangers 
to watch the motions of the enemy. He reached Lake 
George just after the rear of the enemy had left the shore, 
and the scene which was presented he describes as awful 
indeed. *' The fort was entirely destroyed ; the barracks, 
out-houses and buildings were a heap of ruins — the cannon, 
stores, boats and vessels were all carried away. The fires 
were still burning — the smoke aad stench offensive and suf- 
focating. Innumerable fragments of human skulls, and 
bones and carcasses half consumed, were still frying and 
broiling in the decaying fires. Dead bodies mangled with 
scalping knives and tomahawks, in all the wantonness of 
Indian barbarity, were every where to be seen. More than 
100 women, butchered r.nd shockingly mangled, lay upon 
the ground still weltering in their gore. Devastation, bar- 
barity and horror every where appeared ; and the spectacle 
presented was too diabolical and awful either to be endured 
or described. ' ' 



LAKE ClIAMPLAIN. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 

This Lake, on account of the beauty and variety of its 
scenery and its historical incidents, is one of the most in- 
teresting bodies of water in North America. It was dis- 
covered by Samuel Champlain, on the 4th of July, 1G09. 
Having founded the colony of Quebec in 1608, in June, 
1G09, he, with a number of French and Indians, proceeded 
in a shallop, up the St. Lawrence and river Iroquois, now 
Richelieu, till stopped hj the Chambly rapids. From this 
place he determined to proceed in Indian canoes, but the 
Frenchmen manifested great reluctance and only two could 
be persuaded to accompany him. With these and about 
60 of the natives, having transported their canoes by the 
rapids, he embarked, on the 2d of July, and, proceeding 
southward, on the 4th of July entered the lake. Champlain 
and his party proceeded along the west shore, advancing 
by water during the night and retiring into the forests by 
day, to avoid being discovered by the Iroquois, between 
whom and the Canada Indians a war was then carried on. 
As they drew near the enemy's country they proceeded 
with great caution, but, on the 29th of July, in the evening, 
they fell in with a large war party of the Iroquois. Both 
parties drew up to the shore, and the night was spent in 
preparation for battle, and in singing and taunting each 
other. In the morning an engagement took place, but the 
Frenchmen being armed with muskets, it was decided in 
favor of Champlain and his party, a large number of the 

A4 



8 LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 



Iroquois being slain and several taken prisoners. With 
these they returned immediately to their shallop. Cham- 
plain says that this battle was fought in Lat. 43*^ and some 
minutes, and the place is supposed to have been on the 
west shore of Lake George. The present name of Lake 
Champlain was given by its discoverer during his first 
visit, as he informs us in his Journal. He was not drowned 
in its waters, as has been sometimes said, but died at Que- 
bec in 1635. One of the Indian names of this lake was 
Petawa-bouque, signifying alternate land and water, in 
allusion to the numerous islands and projecting points of 
land. Another is said to have been Caniaderi-GuarunU, 
signifying the mouth, or door of the country. If so, it was 
very appropriate, as it forms the gate-way between the 
country on the St. Lawrence and that on the Hudson. In 
more recent times the Indians called it Corlear, in honor 
of a Dutchman, who saved a war party of Canada Indians 
from being destroyed by the Mohawks in 1665. 

Extent. — Lake Champlain is usually regarded as ex- 
tending from Whitehall to St. Johns, being 120 miles in a 
right line from south to north. Sometimes it is regarded 
as terminating towards the north at Ash Island, four miles 
beyond the United States Line, and the early French writers 
marked its termination towards the south at Ticonderoga. 
The width of the lake varies from one-fourtk of ?, mile to 
about 18 miles, with a mean width of p8rhPi;7s 4 milss, ?.r.d 
COYS!" :/^ en area of abo-At SCO squ.are roiles. It receives 
the wr/.^rs draiasd from, about ?OCC' s :• uar3 miles. Its c'epth 
13 :u ^-.'yaerai ct'Icient for the Bav:gaao:2 cf lar^e •.''•S332ls. 
This lake is now connecteu "dj canals with the navigable 



LAKE CHAMPLAIlf CANAL. 



waters of the Hudson and the St. Lawrence, and by rail- 
roads Avith New York, Boston, Montreal and Ogdensburgh. 

Navigation. — The first Steam Boat built on this lake 
commenced running in 1809. The line Boats have always 
been favorably known to travellers either for business or 
pleasure, for the manner in which they have been managed 
— their neat and oi'derly appearance — obliging and atten- 
tive officers, and efficient crews. A t present there are daily 
lines to and from Whitehall and Rouse's Point, stopping at 
intermediate places and connecting with the various Rail- 
roads — also numerous Ferry Boats, Propellers and Tow 
Boats, besides more than 300 Sloops, Canal Boats, Barges, 
&c. 

Champlain Canal connects the navigable waters of the 
Hudson with Lake Champlain. It is 64 miles long, 40 feet 
wide at the top and 28 at the bottom, with a navigable 
feeder at Sandy Hill 11 miles long. It has 21 locks, 14 by 
90 feet. Rise from the Hudson, 134 feet, fall to the lake, 
54 ; was begun in 1816, finished in 1819, and cost $1,- 
079,872. The route of this canal is interesting on account 
of its passing through a section of country rendered mem- 
orable by important military operations. It passes in part 
along the line of Burgoyne's advance from Lake Cham- 
plain — near the scene of his principal battles — and of his 
final surrender. It passes near Fort Miller — Fort Edward 
— and Fort Anne — the spot where Miss M'Crea was 
murdered — the tree to which Gen. Putnam was bound in 
1757, <5-c. 

Whitehall is situated at the junction of the Champlain 
Canal with the lake. It contains about 2500 inhabitants, 

A5 



10 WHITEHALL. 

a Presbyterian, an Episcopal and a Methodist church, a 
bank, &c. It is a great thoroughfare of travel and mer- 
chandise, is a place of considerable business, and is fast 
improving in appearance and comfort. Before the revolu- 
tion Major Skeene resided hei-e, and the place was for 
some time known ly the name of Skeenesborough. The 
Indian name of this place is said to be Kah-sha-quah-na 
or place where dip fish. At this place steamboats arrive 
and depart daily during the continuance of the navigation, 
forming a connected line with the Whitehall and Saratoga 
Railroad. From here to Ticonderoga the lake is very 
narrow, averaging less than a mile. The widest place is 
about two miles, against the south part of Orwell. At 
Shole's Landing, 1 mile south of Mount Independence, the 
width is only forty rods. Haifa mile from Whitehall is 
what is called the Elboiv, a short turn in the lake oc- 
casioned by the projection of a rocky point from the west. 
It is with considerable difl&culty that large boats pass it on 
account of the narrowness of the channel. To avoid delay 
the Railroad is continued to the north end of the village to 
a Steam Boat landing north of the Elbow, where boat pas- 
sengers take or leave the cars. Half a mile further north 
South Bay opens to the southwest. 

Ticonderoga. — This is an. Indian word signifying noisy; 
and was applied by the natives to the falls in the outlet of 
Lake George. It was afterwards applied to the fortifica- 
tions on the peninsula at the outlet, and now to a village 
two miles up the outlet and to the township in which they 
are situated. Fort Ticonderoga occupies a conspicuous 



TICONDEBOOA. 



11 



place in the military operations in this neighborhood. Its 
situation may be seen by the following diagram. 




:: Indep 



=^ Champrn 



The French first established themselves here in 1775, and 
in the course of two or three years had erected works, which 
they named Fort Carillon, and which, with its natural 
advantages, rendered it a place of considerable strength. 

Abercrombie's Defeat. — In 1758, the English had col- 
lected an army of 16,000 men, at the head of Lake George 
for the purpose of reducing the French works on Lake 
Champlain. At the head of these Gen. Abercrombie em- 
barked at Fort "VYm. Henry on the 5th of July, and pro- 
ceeded doT^n the lake in 900 batteax r.ncl 135 wha''.eboats. 
He lanced r.t the loTrer end -eitho-it difnculty. As they 
advanced towards the j'rench works, they had frequent 
skirmishes with the enemy, ^.:j which their progress was 
retarded and in one of which the gallant Lord Howe was 



12 TICONDEROQA — ABEIICROMBIE'8 DEFEAT. 

killed. The English columns at length became so much 
embarrassed and broken on account of the thickness of the 
woods, that Abercrombie deemed it prudent to march back 
to the place where he had landed in the morning, and there 
encamped for the night. 

The French works were protected on the only assailable 
ground by a line of breastworks and garrisoned by 6000 
men, and, as a reinforcement of 3000 men was on its way 
to join them, Abercrombie was anxious to get possession of 
the works before it should arrive. He, therefore, the next 
morning led forward his men in regular order and with 
undaunted firmness, and commenced an immediate assault 
upon the French lines. The enemy opened upon them a 
well directed fire from their artillery, but the English con- 
tinued to advance undismayed till they became completely 
entangled and stopped by the trees and bushes, which had 
been felled to impede their approach. For four hours they 
strove to cut their way through these with their swords, 
but without success. All this time they were exposed to 
the deadly fire of the enemy, who were completely sheltered 
by their breastworks. The numbers of the assailants con- 
tinually diminishing, and no prospect of success appearing, 
Abercrombie thought it most prudent to retreat, and ac- 
cordingly led back his shattered army to their former en- 
campment without being pursued or molested by the 
enemy. The English lost in this encounter, in killed and 
wounded, nearly 2000 men and 2500 stand of arms. The 
next year this post was abandoned by the French and was 
taken possession of by the English under Gen. Amherst 



TICONDEROGA DURING THE REVOLUTION. 13 

without any fighting, by whom the works were repaired 
and strengthened. 

Ticonderoga during the Revolution. — Ticonderoga was 
our first trophy in the war for Independence. It was taken 
by surprise by Ethan Allen at the head of 83 men, mostly 
Green Mountain Boys, in the morning of the 10th of May, 
1775, who demanded its surrender "in the name of the 
Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." It re- 
mained in possession of the Americans till the advance of 
Burgoyne through the lake in 1777. The Americans at 
this time occupied Ticonderoga and Mount Independence, 
on the opposite side the lake, where they had some small 
batteries. These posts were connected by a floating bridge 
80 rods long and 12 feet wide. Burgoyne first took pos- 
session of Mount Hope, situated about a mil© te the north- 
west of Ticonderoga. Mount Defiance, situated at the 
southwest, completely commanded the American works, 
being 80 feet above them, but was supposed to be of so dif- 
ficult access as to prevent any attempt of the British to 
plant cannon upon it. But in this they were mistaken ; 
for on the 5th of July the British had taken possession of 
this mountain, and had commenced the erection of a bat- 
tery. The American General St. Clair immediately called 
a council of ofl&cers, by whom it was agreed to abandon the 
post at Ticonderoga and Mount Independence and retreat 
to the south, which was carried into effect before the next 
morning. The British then took possession and held it till 
the close of the war. 

From Ticonderoga to Crown Proint the width of the lake 



14 



CHIMNEY POINT. 



varies from 1 to 2 miles. In this distance are two or three 
anding places, all on the- east side. 

Chimney Point, the landing place opposite to Crown 
Point, is in the south western corner of the town of Addi- 
son. Here the French commenced their first settlement 
upon the lake in 1731. When Crown Point fell into the 
hands of the English in 1759, this settlement was aban- 
doned, and the remains of the chimneys, which they had 
erected in their huts, probably suggested to the first 
English settlers the name of Chimney Point. The stone 
windmill i mentioned by Kalm, as being one or two musket 
shots to the east of Fort Frederick, and as having 5 or 6 
small cannon mounted in it in 1749, and which has been 
supposed to have given name to this point, was most prob- 
ably at the place opposite, marked by the ruins of what is 
called Grenadier's Battery. 



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CROWN POINT. 15 



Croavn Point. — The French first established themselves 
here in 1731, and erected a fort which they called Fort St. 
Frederick, from Frederick Maurepas, the French secretary 
of state. At this place the French kept a garrison, and 
from it, during the colonial wars, sent out their parties of 
French and Indians to destroy the frontier English settle- 
ments, and massacre the inhabitants. When Kalm visited 
this place in 1 749, there was considerable settlement around 
the fort, with well cultivated gardens. Within the fort 
was a neat little church. The fort was built upon the brow 
of a steep bank of the lake, but a short distance from the 
water, and the remains of its bomb-proof covered way, 
ovens. Sic, are still to be seen, though in a very dilapida- 
ted state. Its place is indicated by figure 2, in the cut. 
The small circle to the southeast of this denotes the site of 
Grenadier's Battery, and the two small parallelograms to 
the southwest of the latter place, the situation of two strong 
redoubts. 

On the approach of the British army under Gen. Amherst 
in 1759, the French abandoned this fort and retired to the 
north end of the lake. Amherst took immediate possession, 
but instead of repaii'ing the old works, began a new fort, 
which was called Crown Point, about 200 yards to the 
southwest, on higher and more commanding ground. This 
fort was never completed, as is evident from an examina- 
tion of the ditch, glacis, &c., at the present day, although 
it has been said that the British government expended here 
no less than £2,000,000 sterling. The position of the 
geveral works may be understood by tlie preceding diagram, 



16 



CBOWN POINT rORT. 



and the form and size of the English fort by the following 
diagram and description. 




The ramparts are about 25 feet thick, aiad from 15 to 25 
in height, and are riveted with solid masonry. The cur- 
tains vary in length from 52 yards to 101 yards, and the 
whole circuit, measuring along the top of the rampart, in- 
cluding the bastions, is 853 3-ards, or 27 yards less than 
half a niiU. Within the fort were four large stone build- 
ings, designed for barracks and other uses, one of which is 
now wholly removed, and another 287 feet long, is mostly 
thrown down. The vralls of the other two, being, one 192 
and the other 216 feet long, and two stories high, are 
nearly entire. These >vere used as barracks, are built of 
solid masonry with chimneys, and the stones for their con- 
struction appear to have been taken from the ditch, and 



CROWN POINT PORT, PORT HENRY, YTESTPORT. 17 

the chips used for levelling up the slope of the glacis. In 
the northeastern bastion is a large well, said to be 90 feet 
deep, and from this bastion was the descent to the covered 
way or underground communication with the lake. The 
walls of this covered way have fallen in, so as to render it 
impassable, but it may be traced through its whole length 
by a depression along the surface of the ground. This fort 
was taken by surprise by a party of Green Mountain Boys, 
under Seth Warner, on the same day that Ticonderoga 
surrendered to Ethan Allen. 

The width of the peninsula upon which these works stood 
is one mile, and is in no part much elevated above the site 
of the principal fort, but there is a considerable mountain 
on the west side of Bulwagga Bay, the nearest summit of 
which is only 1| miles from the fort and elevated 400 feet 
above it. The highest is distant 2| miles and elevated 
900 feet. The whole peninsula is made up of dark lime 
stone covered in most parts with only a slight depth of 
earth, so that works upon it cannot be assailed by regular 
advances. The width between Crown Point and Chimney 
Point is only about half a mile. From Crown Point to 
Split Rock the average width of the lake is about 3^ miles. 

Port Henry is 1^ miles from Crown Point Fort and a 
little north of Cedar Point. Here is a good landing place, 
and here are the works of the Port Henry Ir-on Company. 
There is a ferry between this place and Chimney Point. 

Westport, the next landing place on the N. Y. side, is 
situated on Northwest Bay. It is a thriving village of 
about 600 inhabitants. A horse ferry boat plies between 
this place and Basin Harbor. 



18 BASIN HARBOR, FORT CASSIN, SPLIT ROCK. 

Basin Harbor, one of the best on the lake, is in the 
town of Ferrisburgh, Vt., and is 5 miles west from the 
city of Vergennes, and is the landing for it. 

Fort Cassin, 3 miles north of Basin Harbor and on the 
north side of the mouth of Otter Creek, was formerly a 
landing place of passengers for Vergennes. It is 8 miles 
from the city of Vergennes, where Macdonough's fleet was 
fitted out, with which he gained his victory. Fort Cassin . 
takes its name from Lieut. Cassin of the navy, who with a 
spiall breast work at this place, and less than 200 men 
commanded by himself and Capt. Thornton, of the artillery, 
on the 14th of May, 1814, repulsed a large British force in 
an attempt to enter the creek for the purpose of destroying 
the American flotilla before it should be ready for service. 

Split Rock has been regarded as one of the greatest 
natural curiosities on the lake, and is one which did not 
escape the notice of the earliest French explorers. Rocher 
Fendu occupies a conspicuous place on Charlevoix map of 
1 744. The part detached contains about half an acre, rises 
about 30 feet above the water, is covered with bushes and is 
separated about 12 feet from the main rock. Some have 
supposed the chasm to have been produced by the breaking 
oif of the promontory in consequence of being undermined 
by the lake, or by some great convulsion of nature. But 
the slightest examination shows that the rocky point was 
here originally crossed by what geologists call a dike, the 
materials of which have been washed out, forming a chasm 
in the more solid rock through which the lake flows when 
high. The chasm, instead of being unfathomable, as some 
have represented, is so shallow, that no water flows through 



] ES3EX JUNIPER. ISLAND. 19 

when the lake is low. A few rods south of Split Rock 
stan'ls a light house. The width of the lake between Split 
Rock and Thompson's Point is only about a mile. From 
I this place the width of the lake increases towards the north, 
land at McJVeiVs Ferry ^ between Charlotte landing, and 
the village of E-sex, it wants 20 rods of three miles. This 
is one of the oldest and best ferries across the lake. Th« 
passage is by a small steamboat called the Boquet. Just 
north of Charlotte landing is the delightful residence of 
Charles McNeil, Esq. 

Essex is a pleasant village, containing about OCO inhab- 
itants. From this place the width of the lake increases as 
it flows north, and at Burlington amounts to about 10 
miles ; and here is the greatest expanse of water uninter- 
rupted by islands. On the way from Essex to Burlington, 
are passed the Four Brothers, (lying at some distance,) 
Juniper Island and Rock Dunder on the left, and Pottier's 
Point and mouth of Shelburn Bay on the right. 

Four Brothers are four small islands lying about 7 
miles south-west from Burlington, and being out of the 
usual line of navigation, they are resorted to by gulls and 
other water-fowl for the purpose of raising their .young. 
On Charlevoix map of 1744, they are called Me de quatre 
Vents. 

Juniper Island lies about 3 miles south west from 
Burlington — is composed of slate rock, with precipitous- 
banks about thirty feet high, and covered with about a doz- 
en acres of good soil. A light house was erected here in 
1826. 

2 



20 HARBOR — BURLINGTON. 

Rock Dunder is a solitary rock rising out of the water 
between Juniper Island and Potiier's Point to the height 
of about thirty feet. 

Pottier's Point is 2^ miles nearly south from the landing 
at Burlington and at the mouth of Shelburn Bay. On 
the east side of this point, just within the bay, is a ship 
yard, called the Harbor. It is three miles from the steam 
boat landing in Burlington, and although situated in the 
township of Shelburn, may be regarded as the Burlington 
shipyard. Here several of the large steamboats have been 
built and they are usually laid up here during the winter. 

Through the greater part of the passage from Ticonde- 
roga to Burlington, the tiaveler has a fine view of the 
Green Mountains in Vermont, stretching along at the east, 
particularly of the Camel's Hump, and the JVose and 
Chi7i of the Mansfield Mountains, lying further north. 

BURLINGTON. 

Burlington is situated nearly midway between White- 
hall and St. Johns. It is the most important town on Lake 
Champlain, is a port of entry, and by recent arrangements 
between our government and Great Britain, is made one of 
the two ports (Plattsburgh being the other) on Lake Cham- 
plain, at which merchandize sent from England through 
the United States into Canada is entered for inspection and 
exportation. The village of Burlington is not surpassed 
in beauty of location by any town in New England. It 
occupies a gentle declivity terminated on the west by the 



BURLINGTON — MAP. 



21 



lake. The principal streets running east and west are one 
mile in length, and these are crossed nearly at right angles 




by others running north and south, cutting the whole vil- 
lage into regular squares. The village contains nearly 
seven thousand inhabitants, and is steadily advancing in 
wealth and population. It is the seat of the University of 
Vermont which is a flourishing institution, having a well 
selected library of about 8000 volumes, a very good chemi- 
cal and philosophical apparatus, and a respectable cabinet 
of natural history. Besides the university buildings, the 
village contains eight churches, a court house and jail, a 
public high school, a female seminary, four banks, five 
printing offices, seven hotels and taverns, and about sixty 
stores, four of which are bookstores. There are three lines 
of railroads, by each of which trains arrive and depart 
twice or more daily, excepting Sundays. During the con- 



22 UNIVEBSITY — WINOOSKI. 

tinuance of navigation, there are regular lines of steam- 
boats between here and Whitehall, and between here and 
Rouse's Point, besides numerous arrivals and departures 
of irregular boats, sloops, &c. There are four extensive 
wharves with storehouses, and two extensive freight depots 
on the lake shore, with passenger depots near the lake, and 
one near the center of the village. A breakwater has been 
built in front of the wharves for the protection of shipping. 
Opposite to Burlington the width of the lake is 9.^ miles, 
and the soundings taken at eight different places along the 
line, vary from 50 to about 300 feet. 

The buildings of the University of Vermont are delight- 
fully situated at the eastern extremity of the village, at an 
elevation of 277 feet above the level of the lake. The 
prospect from the dome of the principal edifice is, at some 
seasons of the year one of unrivaled beauty, and well re- 
pays the toil of the ascent. Here is spread out, as upon a 
map before the eye, the busy village— the lake, stretching 
from south to north, with its bays and islands, its steam- 
boats and other water craft — the Winooski river, dashing 
through dark and frightful chasms, and then winding 
gently through the beautiful meadows at the north — and, 
more remote, the woods and farms, and smiling villages ; 
and, to complete the picture, the east and west are bound- 
ed by a grand and varied outline of mountains, many of 
whose summits mingle with the clouds. Population of the 
town about 8000. 

At the lake shore near the Vt. Central Railroad grounds 
is located the Pioneer Mechanics Shop — a building 400 feet 
iGDs by 60 ftet wide, m \ybkli cvre geveral lar^^ naanufac- 



PORT KENT. 



turiug establishments, driven by steam power. The Bur- 
lington Gas Works supply the town with Gas 

WiNOOSKi Village is situated at the Lower Falls in the 
Winooski river, and 2 miles from the steamboat landing iu 
Burlington. Here is abundant and excellent water power 
which has hitherto been only partially improved. At this 
place is an extensive woolen factory, a cotton factory, flour- 
ing mill, and several other factories and mills. A large 
block fictory, satinet factory, and several mills have been 
destroyed by fire, which have not yet been rebuilt. Popu- 
lation about 2000. 

From Burlington to Port Kent, 10 miles, the course is a 
little north of west. Juniper Island and the Four Broth- 
ers lie at the left, and on the right, first Lone-rock or 
Sharpshiu Point, near which may be seen the residence of 
theRt. Ptev. J. H. Hopkins, and a little further along, Ap- 
pletree Point, and still farther and more remote, Colches- 
ter Point. Winooski river enters the lake between the two 
last. Just before reaching Port Kent, a considerable island 
is passed lying on the left, called Schuyltr's Island. The 
French called it Isle an Chupon. The Point of the main 
land lying between this island and Port Kent, is called 
Point Tremblean. 

Port Kent is a pleasant little village which owes its ori- 
gin to the late Elkanah Watson, Esq. and has grown up with- 
in a few years. It has a convenient dock from which is 
shipped the greater part of the immense quantity of iron 
manufactured in this section of the country. On the Au 
Sable river which runs thi'ough a region abounding in iron 



24 PORT JAUKSON. 



ore, and empties into the lake a little north of this port, 
are the floiii'ishing manufacturing villages of Ausable 
Forks, Clintonville, Keeseville, and Birmingham. On this 
river are many interesting falls. Those at Birmingham, 
2 miles from Port Kent, and the Ausable Chasm below, 
through which the river passes, are well worthy the notice 
of the curious traveler. From Port Kent to the Ausable 
Forks there is a plank road about 20 miles in length. 

From Port Kent to Plattsburgh the course is along the 
western shore of the lake. 

Port Jackson, the only intermediate landing place, is 
nearly west of the south end of VaJcour Island, noted for 
a severe naval conflict, on the llthof October 1776, be- 
tween the American flotilla under General Arnold, and 
the British under Capt. Prindle, The battle was fought a 
little north of Port Jackson. Five or six miles nearly 
east from Port Jackson was the scene of the conflagration 
of the steamer Phoenix on the morning of the 5th of Sep- 
tember, 1819. Previous to the settlement of Port Kent 
the steamboats proceeded directly froi'- Burlington to 
Plattsburgh, along the west shore of Grand Isle, as a part 
of them do at present. On the morning of the accident, 
the Pha'nix left Burlington about one o'clock, against a 
strong north wind. About 3 o'clock, while off nearly west 
of the south end of Grand Isle, the boat was discovered to 
be on fire, and all efforts to extinguish it were unavailing. 
There were at this time 44 persons on board, 31 of whom 
entered the small boats, and succeeded with considerable 
difficulty in reaching a small island about a mile to the 
windward, called Providence Island. The remaining 13 



PLATTSBUBGH. 



26 



were soon obliged to commit themselves to the water upon 
bits of plank and such other thinf^s as were within their 
reach. The small boats returned just after daylight and 
succeeded in saving 6 of those who had managed to keep 
themselves afloat. The remaining 7 were drowned. The 
wreck drifted southward and lodged on a reef extending 
from Colchester Point. This is the only accident worthy 
of notice v/hich has occurred during 45 years of steam 
navigation on this lake. 

Plattsburgh is a flourishing village pleasantly situated 
on both sides of the river Saranac It has 4 churches and 
about 3000 inhabitants. There are falls in the river here of 
about 40 feet, aSbrding a large amount of water power. On 
these there are several manufacturing establishments, but 
Ihey are only pai-tially occupied. Plattsburgh is connected 




^'alcour r. 



26 BATTLB AT PLATTSBUBGH. 

by railroad with Montreal and with the Rouse's Point and 
Ogdensbuvgh road. Plattsburgh is a military post of the 
United States, and a little south of the village, near the 
lake shore, the government has erected extensive stone 
barracks, and a permanent breakwater for the protection 
of the harbor. During the last war with Great Britain 
this place was the scene of an important engagement, both 
on land and water. 

Baitle of Plattsburgh.— On the 1st of September, 1814, 
Gen. Prevost entered the United States at the head of 
14,000 men, and advanced towards Plattsburgh, which 
was then garrisoned by only one brigade, commanded by 
Gen. Macomb. Prevost's advance was slow and cautious, 
and in the mean time every eflfbrt was made by Macomb to 
call in the neighboring militia. On the 7th, Prevost ap- 
peared before Plattsburgh, and till the 11th, awaited the 
arrival of the British flotilla, being employed in the mean 
time in erecting batteries. The American flotilla, comman- 
ded by Commodore Macdonough, and consisting of the 
Saratoga, of 26 guns, the Eagle, of 20, the Ticonderoga, 
of 17, the Preble of 7, and ten gun boats, carrying 16 
guns, and carrying in the whole 820 men, was then lying 
in Plattsburgh bay. The British naval foi'ce at this time 
consisted of a frigate of 39 guns, the Linnet of 16, two 
sloops of 1 1 each, and 13 gun boats carrying 18 guns, with 
1050 men, and commanded by Commodore Downie. The 
American ships were anchored in a line extending in a 
direction neai'ly north from Crab Island. In the morning 
of the 11th of September, the British flotilla came around 
Cumberland Head, and, about 9 o'clock anchored in aline 



BATTLE AT PLATTSBURGH. 27 

parallel to tlie American, aud about 300 yards distant. In 
this situation, the whole force on both sides became enga- 
ged, and after a severe conflict of 2 hours and 20 minutes, 
the engagement was terminated by the surrender of the 
whole British flotilla, with the exception of a few gunboats 
which effected their escape. The British loss was 84 killed, 
among whom were Commodore Downie and two Lieuten- 
ants. The American was 52 killed and 58 wounded. — 
Among the former were Lieutenants Gamble and Stans- 
bury. 

The commencement of the naval action seemed to be the 
signal for a general assault by land. The enemy opened 
their batteries upon the American works and the same 
time attempted to cross the Saranac and gain their rear. 
The Americans kept up a destructive fire from their forts 
and met the enemy at every point with most determined 
bravei-y. As soon as it was known that their fleet had 
surrendered, the enemy relinquished all their hopes, and 
began making arrangements for a retreat ; and before the 
next morning they had retired so precipitately as to leave 
behind their wour.ded, and large quantities of provisions 
and military stores. 

The officers who fell on both sides in these engagements, 
were all buried near together in the public cemetery at 
Plattsburgh, and the Clinton County Military Association 
celebrated the anniversary of the battle in 1843, by placing 
over them marble monuments with appropriate inscrip- 
tions. 

Cumberland Head extends three miles into the lake on 
the north side of Plattsburgh or Cumberland Bay. On 



28 ISLANDS — rouse's POINT. 

this point is a light house, and the farm presented to Com. 
Macdonough by the Legislature of Vermont. It lies in 
full view of the scene of his memorable victory on the 11th 
of September, 1814. On Cha-rlevoix's map of 1744 this 
point is Called Cap Scoumounion. Cumberland Head is 
connected by a ferry with Grand Island. 

Grand Island, or South Hero, is the largest island in 
the lake and belongs to Vermont. It has an excellent soil, 
And is connected with Cumberland Head on the west by a 
-ferry and with the main shore on the east by a bridge near- 
ly 2 miles long, called the Sand-bar Bridge. 

I>[0RTH Hero is another large island lying north of the 
above. It cons itutes a township of the same name, and 
belongs to Vermont. The steamboats from Burlington and 
Plattsburgh to St. Albans, pass between these islands. 

Isle La Motte also belongs to Vermont ; contains 4620 
acres, and constitutes a township of the same name. Its 
rocks are lime, from which is quarried a fine black and 
gray marble. 

Alburgu, lying still further north, is a tov/nship form- 
ed by a point of land extending southward between the 
lake and Missisco Bay. It is connected with Canada 
along the 45th parallel of latitude. In this town is a 
medicinal spring which is a place of considerable resort 
for invalids. In Highs^atc, lying east of the bay, is an- 
other medicinal spring of quite equal celebrity. 

The Northern Vermont Railroad terminates on the west 
shore of Alburgh, opposite to the termination of the Ogdens- 
burgh Railroad at Rouse's Point, find the two termina- 
tions are connected by a bridge. 

Missisco Bay is a large body of water extending into 



UNITED STATES LINE. 29 

Canada, on the east side of which is the village of Phil- 
lipsburgli. 

Chazy Landing is 16 miles north of Plattsburgh. 

Rouse's Point is 9 miles north of Chazy, in the town- 
ship of Champlain, and about one mile from the United 
States line. Here is a convenient steamboat landing, and 
the connexion of the Northern Vermont, the Champlain 
and St. Lawrence and the Ogdensburgh Railroads. Near- 
ly opposite on the west part of Alburgh, is Windmill 
Point. This point takes its name from a windmill built 
here by the French while they had possession of the lake. 

Uniied Stales Line. — This line was fixed in 1842, by 
treaty negotiated by Lord Ashburnham and Mr. Webster, 
on the old line formerly supposed to be the 45th parallel of 
latitude. Immediately after the close of the last war the 
United States government commenced building a fort on a 
low point to the northward of Rouse's Point landing which 
should completelj' command the passage up the lake. By 
the survey of this line in 1818, it was found that this 
point was north of the 45th parallel and the work was 
consequently abandoned ; but by the late treaty the fort 
was secured to the United States, and the work has re- 
cently been resumed. An opening through the Avoods like 
a road, on the east side of the lake, and about 200 rods 
north of the fort marks the place of the Line as now estab- 
lished, 

Asn Island, lying 3 or 4 miles noi'th of the Line is some- 
times regarded as the termination of the lake towards the 
north, and the commencement of the Richelieu or Sorel 
which forms its outlet. 



ST. JOHNS. 



Lfi Colle Ijing on the west side was a British military 
post during the last war with Great Britain, and is noted 
on account of an unsuccessful attack made by the Ameri- 
cans upon the enemy sheltered in the stone mills at this 
place on the 29th of March, 1814. 

Isle Aux Noix is the frontier military post of the Brit- 
ish. It is strongly fortified and garrisoned and completely 
commands the passage of the lake or river. The Ameri- 
cans took possession of this island in 1775 and retained it 
till they retreated from Canada the next year. It was 
afterwards the principal scene of the negotiations between 
the British officers and the agents of the leading men in 
Vermont, by which a large British army was kept inactive 
during the la'^t three years of the revolutionary war. 

St. Johns is the termination of the steamboat naviga- 
tion of the lake in this direction, being checked by the 
Chambly rajjids. The village of St. Johns contains about 
2000 inhabitants. It is a military post, and extensive 
barracks have been erected here since the late rebellion, 
which are pleasantly situated and occupied by a few British 
troops. It was the scene of some military operation dur- 
ing the revolution. It sustained a seige of six weeks be- 
fore it surrendered to Gen. Montgomery in Nov. 1775. 
St. Johns is a port of entry with a custom house. 

Chamhly Canal is 12 miles long, connecting the navi- 
gable waters above with those below Chambly rapids, and 
extending from St. Johns to Chambly. There are 9 locks, 
120 feet long and 24 wide, each with a lift of 10 feet, mak- 
ing 90 feet in the whole. It was built by the British gov- 
ernment, finished in 1843, and cost about |;400,000.— 



MONTREAL WILLTAM HENRY. 31 

This canal completed an uninterrupted water communica- 
tion between Quebec and New York. 

Montreal, the largest city in Canada, contains 40,000 
inhabitants. This city presents a strong contrast to cities 
of the United States, and in its population, buildings, 
streets and customs, resembles the cities of the old world, 
and hence it is an object of particular interest to the Amer- 
ican traveller. On approaching, the object which first 
attracts attention, is the huge I' oman Catholic Cathedral 
•whose towers rise so majestically above the surrounding 
buildings. On a nearer approach the city and its environs 
are seen to great advantage. The river here is about 3 
miles wide and opposite the city lies the beautiful island 
of St. Helena, which is strongly fortified and garrisoned. 
The new whars-es at which the landings are made, extend 
more than a mile along the river. They are built of ham- 
mered stone in the most substantial manner, and are said 
to exceed any thing of the kind in America. The objects 
of interest to the traveller in and about Montreal are too 
numerous to be particularized here, but a ride to the 
mountain in the rear of the city should not be dispensed 
"with by any who have the least taste for the picturesque 
and beautiful. Between this city and Quebec, 180 miles 
below, is a regular daily line of steamboats during the 
continuance of navigation. This city is connected directly 
with Portland, Me., by the St. Lawrence and Atlantic 
Railroad. 

William Henry, or Sorel, is 45 miles below Montreal, 
and situated at the junc ion of the outlet of Lake Cham- 
plain with the St. Lawrence, or rather with the upper end 



32 THREE RIVERS — RAPIDS. 

of Lake St. Peters, which is au expansion of that river, 25 
miles long and 9 broad. On the way from Montreal to 
Wm. Henry are passed the villages of Longeuil, Vercheres, 
Varenues, and several others. 

Port.St. Francis is the principal landing place between 
Wm. Henry and Three Rivers. It owes its existence chiefly 
to the eflforts of the British American Land Company. 
Passengers bound to the Eastern ToAvnships are landed 
here and proceed up the river St. Francis by stage. 

Three Rivers, situated nearly midway between Mon- 
treal and Quebec, is the largest town between those cities. 
It lies at the junction of the river St. Maurice with the St. 
Lawrence. In the mouth of the St. Maurice are two small 
islands, which divide the stream into three parts, and 
which appear, from the St. Lawrence, like the mouths of 
three rivers, and hence the name. 

Richelieu Rapids are half way from Three Rivers to 
Quebec. The St. Lawrence is here about two miles wide 
with a rocky shore, and the rapids extend about 9 miles. 
Steamboats pass these rapids without difficulty or danger, 
but other vessels can ascend them only by taking advan- 
tage of the tide, or by being towed up by steam boats. 

Sillery Cove, noted for the last battle between the 
English and French, which completed the conquest of Can- 
ada in 1759, and Wolfe's Cove where Wolfe landed and 
drew his cannon up the precipice, are passed just before 
reaching Quebec, as is also Cape Diamond, at the base of 
which the gallant Montgomery was killed on the 31st of 
December, 1775. 



QUEBEC. 3& 



Between Montx-eal and Quebec there are regular lines of 
Steamboats, generally well fitted with State Kooms and 
Cabins. Travellers will find them at all times in good 
order, with intelligent and obliging Captains, and Clerks 
and Stcwai'ds that understand and perform their several 
duties. The Captains and Pilots are men of experience ;. 
and in no part of the world have fewer accidents occurred 
to Steamboats than on this River. No other place on the 
American Continent furnishes more objects of intcvcst to 
the traveler than Montreal and Quebec. 

Quebec is the most interesting place on the continent for 
an American to visit. Here may be seen the citadel, 350 
feet above the River, resembling the old castles of Europe 
in feudal times, with a town built and fortified in the 
manner of the most strongly fortified towns of Europe in 
the fifteenth century. It was here that one of the earliest 
settlements in North America was commenced by Cham- 
plain in 1C08, and most of the stone houses built during 
the first 150 years after its settlement are still standing in 
the upper town, many of them bomb proof. For five miles 
before reaching Quebec, a succession of Coves are passed, 
filled with all sorts of lumber, with vessels loading for 
Europe and other places ; and as the traveler approaches 
the city he passes Cape Diamond, rising about 350 feet 
from the water. The city is divided into the upper and 
lower town, the former enclosed by a wall with five gates, 
and about 200 feet above the latter. The lower town is 
much of it built on land gained by excavation and build- 
ing wharves into the river. Travelers will find carriages 
to convey them by a winding road to the upper town,, 
where they Avill find all the accommodations they may de- 



34 MANSFIELD — CAMEL*S HUMP. 

sire. Fresh salmon may at all times during the summer 
be here found in abundance. 

The places of interest to be seen in and near Quebec are 
too numerous to be described in this place. A steamboat 
makes occasional trips to the River Saguenay, 140 miles 
beloWj and intermediate places. 



MANSFIELD MOUNTAIN AND CAMEL'S HUMP. 

These Mountains all belong to the Green Monntain 
Range, and are in full view from the Vt. University in 
Burlington, and about 26 miles distant, the former bearing 
a little to the north, and the latter a little to the south of 
east. The Mansfield Mountains consist of several sum- 
mits, whose outlines, seen from a distance, both on the 
eastern and western side, bear no slight resemblance to the 
profile of a human face, looking upward, in which the 
forehead, nose, lips and chin are, at once recognized. The 
Chin is the mcst northern of these summits and is the 
highest point of the Green Mountains. The following are 
the measurements of the Mansfield summits and of Camel's 
Hump above the ocean. 

Chin, . . . 4348 feet 

Nose, . . . 4044 «* 

Forehead, . . . 3882 " 

Camel's Hump, . . 4083 " 

The prospect from the Chin is exceedingly fine. On the 

west the whole valley of Lake Champlain appeal's spi-ead 

out as a Map, bounded by the lofty and picturesque Adi- 

rondaoks on the south-west, and opening in the north-west 



WINOOSKI — EICHMOND. 35 

into the valley of the St. Lawrence to the city of xNlontreal. 
On the east the view is limited only by the White Moun- 
tains of New Hampshire. 

The view from Camel's Hump is very similar, and but 
little inferior to that from the Chin. Both well repay the 
toil of ascent. The rocktj constituting all of these moun- 
tain-summits is coarse talcose slate, filled with seams of 
white and glassy quartz. Krom Burlington the easiest 
way of visiting these mountains, is to proceed first by the 
Vermont Central Railroad to Waterbury, 28 miles. This 
route is along Winooski river, and the principal objects 
along it are 

Winooski Village 2 miles from Burlington, where 
there is excellent water power, a woolen, cotton, and fluui*- 
ing mills, and some other factories. Villuge contains 
about 2000 inhabitants. 

The Chasm and Hi^h Brilge and Penniman & Catlin's 
extensive lime-kilns, are one mile further along. 

Essex Junction is six miles from Burlington Here the 
Northern Vermont Railroad to Rouse's Point connects with 
the Vt. Central. 

RicuMOxn is 1 5 miles from Burlington — a pleasant little 
village surrounded by a fine firming township. Two miles 
before reaching this village the Riilroad crosses the farm 
on which His Excellency Thos. Chittenden, first Guvernor 
of Vermont, commenced improvement before the revolution, 
The vene.able brick mansion, erected by him in 1794, and 
in which he died in 1797, may be seen, in passing, on an 
elevation at the right. 

Jones viLLE 3 miles from Richmond, and Bolton 4 miles 



WILLOUGHBY LAKE. 



further, are small way stations and the only ones before • 
reaching Waterbury. 

The J\^atural Bridge 4 miles from Waterbury is an in- 
teresting curiosity. The chasm, in which it is situated 
may be seen on the left from the cars. 

If the traveller chooses to visit Camel's Hump, horses 
and carriages may be procured at Waterbury with which 
he may proceed 5^ miles over a tolerable road. The re- 
maining 2L miles is passed on foot, but only a small part 
of this is steep and difflfcult. 

To visit the JIansfield Mountains it is best to proceed 
from Waterbury to Stowe by stage, 10 miles over a good 
plank road. From the latter place the distance to the top 
of the Mountain is about 7 miles, a large part of which is a 
good-carriage road, and the remainder a comfortable bridle 
path. 

WILLOUGHBY LAKE. 

This lake, which has become a favorite place of resort 
for pleasure parties in the summer, is in the township of 
Westmore, Orleans County, Vermont. It is 5^ miles long, 
and from half a mile to 1^ mile wide. Its south end lies^ 
in a chasm between two granite mountains, the sides of 
which, focing each other, are nearly perpendicular, and 
about half a mile asunder. That on the east side is called 
Pis^a/i, and that on the west Hor. These names were 
given to the two summits long before there was any settle- 
ment in that part of the county, and there is no good 
reason why the former name should be supplanted by that 
of Ananancc, which some are endeavoring to substitute for 



WILLOUGUBY LAKE. 37 

it. The surface of Willoughby Lake is 1161 feet above 
the ocean, and the summit of Pisgah 1586 feet above the 
lake, or 2747 feet above the ocean. The bed of the lake is, 
for the most part, a clean white sand and pebbles, and the 
■water clear and pure. The coldness and purity of the wa- 
ter, the salubrity of the air, and above all, the wild grand- 
eur and beauty of the scenery, (and I must add, the savory 
longe,) render it one of the most inviting summer retreats 
from the dust and heat and turmoil of city and village, any 
where to be found. Three years ago that lake was hardly 
accessible, on either side. Now a good road passes along 
the whole length of the eastern shore, and at the south end 
a spacious public house, called the Lake House, has been 
erected for the accommodation of travellers and visitors, 
where stages arrive and depart daily, evening and morning, 
in both directions. The site of the Lake House is 122 feet 
above the lake. The J^Tatural Flower Garden, so inter- 
esting to the Botanist, is situated on a sloping surface, 
in the western declivity of Pisgah, 583 feet above the 
Lake. The ascent to the garden is somewhat difficult, 
but that from the Lake House to the summit of Mt. Pisgah 
is quite easy, and the view from it exceedingly fine. Wil- 
loughby Lake and the adjacent mountains, from a point 
three miles to the northward, form one of the finest views 
found any where in New England. 

From Burlington there are three principal routes to 
Willoughby Lake. The most direct is by way of Johnson, 
Craftsbuiy and Irasburgh, mostly by stage. Another 
route is by the Vt. Central Railroad to White River June- 



38 WHITE MOUNTAINS. 



tion ; thence by the Pussumpsic Railroad to St. Johnsbn- 
ry, and then by stage to the lake. Another route is by 
■way of Montreal and Sherbrooke to Island Pond, [page 43] 
then by stage 11 miles to Willoughby Lake. 

WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

The White Mountains are situated in the northern part 
of New Hampshire and have become objects of the highest 
interest to the ti-aveller. They extend 8 miles northward 
from what is called the A'otch, and consist of 7 naked sum- 
mits or peak--, surrounded at their base by dense forests. 
The hights of these several peaks are as follows : 

Mount Washington, 6226 feet. 

Mount Adams, 5759 *« 

Mount Jefferson, 5657 " 

Mount Madison, 5415 " 

Mount Monroe, 5349 «' 

Mount Franklin, 4850 " 

Mount Pleasant, 4715 *' 

All these summits except the first exhibit proofs of dilu- 
vial, or glacial action. Thp highest part of Mount Wash- 
ington consists wholly of angular fragments. 

These m.ountains may be approached fnim several direc- 
tions. From Bui'lington, the traveler, after visiting the 
Mansfield Mountains, as already described, may proceed 
from Waterbury to Montpelier. This is a compact and 
ple-isant village, and contains some fine buildings. The 
State House is one of the best in the United States. 

Korthfield, 10 miles from Montpelier, is the next station, 
and contains a large depot. 



WHITE MOUNTAINS. 39 



In Roxbury, seven miles from Northfield the road cross- 
es the serpentine range from which the verd antique mar- 
ble is obtained of excellent quality. 

The principal A'illages on the way to White River Junc- 
tion are West Randolph, Bethel, Royalton and White River 
village. From White River Junction, the Vt. Central 
Railroad continues south to Windsor, the Northern Rail- 
road proceeds to Boston by way of Concord and Lowell, 
and the Passumpsic road northward to St. Johnsbury. 
Proceeding northward, the traveller passes through Nor- 
wich, four miles from the Junction. 

Norwich is a pleasant village, and the seat of the Nor- 
wich University, which is only one mile from Dartmouth 
College in New Hampshire. 

Newbury, 36 miles from the Junction, is situated on one 
of the finest and most extensive meadows on the Connecti- 
cut. Here is a spring impregnated with sulphuretted hy- 
drogen which is much visited by invalids. 

Wells River, 4 miles further along, is the place where 
passengers usually cross the Connecticut and proceed by 
stage to the mountains. There are two lines to the White 
Mountains, one by the way of Littleton, 38 miles, and the 
other by way of Franronia Notch, (23 miles to Flume House) 
49 miles. The more interesting scenery on the Franconia 
route moi*e than compensates for the greater distance. 

If the traveller wishes to take Willoughby Lake in his 
way, he can proceed from W^ells River to St. Johnsbury by 
Railroad, and thrjnce through Lyndon by stage to tli§ lake. 
From Willoughby Lake he can proceed by stage to Island 



40 WHITE MOUNTAINS. 



Pond, and thence by the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Kail- 
road to Gorham. From Goi'ham Station to Bellows Farm 
the distance is 6 miles over a good carriage road, and from 
Bellows Farm the distance is 4J miles to the summit of 
Mount Washington, up which there is a good bridle path. 
Saddle horses and ponies trained to the ascent, and expe- 
rienced guides may at all times be found in waiting at the 
Bellows Farm. This is regarded as the most feasible route 
to the summit of Mount Washington, while the ascent 
from the other directions, particularly that of the Notch, 
have the advantage of carrying the traveller over several 
of the other most important summits. 







TABLES. 




41 


DliTASCES 


BETWEEN BURLINGTON AND MONTREAL, BY RAIL ROAD. 




B.toM. 


M. to B 




B. to M. 


M to B . 


Burlington 





6 101 


Swanton 


9 39 


8 62 


Essex June. 


6 6 


5 95 


Alburgh 


8 47 


6 54 


Colchester 


5 11 


5 90 


Rouse's Pt. 


6 53 


24 48 


Hilton 


5 16 


5 8A 


St. Johns 


24 77 


24 24 


Georgia 


5 21 


9 80 


Montreal 


24 101 





St Albans 


9 30 


9 71 








JISTA.SCES BETWEFN BCRLINGTON" AND OGDENSIiCRGH, BY RAIL ROAD. 




B. to 0. 


0. to B.I 


B too. 


O. tOB. 


Burlington 





53 171 Bangor 


6 116 


8 55 


Rouse's Pt. 


53 53 


4 llSMoira 


8 124 


6 47 


Champlain 


4 57 


8 114 Lawrence 


6 130 


5 41 


Moores 


8 65 


11 106 Stockholm 


5 135 


11 36 


Chazy 


11 76 


14 95 Potsdam 


11 146 


8 25 


Summit 


14 90 


8 81 


Mrxlrid 


8 154 


8 17 


Chateaugay 


8 98 


4 73 


Lisbon 


8 162 


9 9 


Burke 


4 102 


8 69 


Ogdensburgl 


19 171 





Malone 


8 110 


6 61 








DISTANCES BETWEEN 


MONTREAL AND QUEBEC, 


BY STEAMBOAT. 




M. to Q. 


Q to M ( 


M to Q. 


Q. to M. 


Montreal 





15 l80:St. Anne 


25 115 


20 65 


Varennes 


15 15 


30 165 Rich. Rapids 


20 135 


15 45 


Wm. Henry 


30 46 


38 135 Cape Loute 


15 150 


22 30 


Pt St. Fran 


38 83 


7 97|('ape Rouge 


22 172 


8 8 


Three Rivers 7 90 


25 90!Quebec 


8 180 





Dl.STANCE 


S BETWEEN 


BURLINGTON AND BOSTON BY RAIL ROAD. 




By 


way of Rutland. 








B. tOB. 


B. to B. 




B. to B. 


B. tOB. 


Burlington 





6 231 


Mount Hollj 


4 80 


8 151 


Shelbui'ne 


6 6 


4 225 


Ludlow 


8 88 


4 143 


Charlotte 


4 10 


8 221 


Cavendish 


4 92 


6 139 


Ferrisburgh 


8 18 


3 213 


Chester 


6 98 


4 133 


Vergennes 


3 21 


6 210 


Bartonsville 


4 102 


10 129 


New Haven 


6 27 


6 204 


Rockingham 


10 112 


4 119 


Middlebury 


6 38 


8 198 


Bellows Falls 4 116 


22 115 


Salisbury 


8 41 


9 190 


Keene 


22 138 


43 93 


Brandon 


9 50 


8 181 


Fitchburgh 


43 181 


50 50 


Pittsford 


8 58 


8 173 


Boston 


50 231 





Rutland 
Clarendon 


8 66 


6 165 


The greatest elevation in the Rut- 


6 72 


4 159 


land and Burlincton Kail oad is 


Cuttingsville 4 76 


4 155 


1415 feet at Mt 


. UoUj Summit. 



42 




TABLES. 




DISTASCKS BETWEEN WHITE RIVER JUNCTION AND WILLOUGHBY LAKE. 






By Rail Road. 






J. to w. 


w. to J 


J. tow. 


w. to J. 


W Riv. June. 





4 85 


Ryegate 5 45 


6 40 


Norwich 


4 4 


11 81 


Barnet 6 51 


10 34 


Thetford 


11 15 


7 70 


St. Johns*ry 10 61 


6 24 


Fairlee 


7 22 


7 03 


By Stage. 




Bradford 


7 29 


7 56 


Lyndon 6 67 


18 18 


Newbury 


7 36 


4 49 


Willoughby 18 85 





Wells River 


4 40 


5 45 






DISTANCES BKTWEEX BURLINGTON AND MOXTREiL BY STEAMBOAT AND 




PLATTSBURGH RAIL ROAD. 






B. to M. 


M. to B 


B. tOM. 


M. tOB. 


Burlington 





10 89 


Hemmingford 5 53 


6 36 


Port Kent 


10 10 


9 79 


Sherrington 6 59 


9 30 


Port Jackson 


9 19 


8 70 


.St. Remi 9 68 


6 21 


Plattsburgh 


8 27 


5 62 


Isadore 6 74 


5 15 


Beekmantown 5 32 


5 57 


Taughnawaga 5 79 


2 10 


W. Chazy 


5 37 


5 52 


Lachine 2 81 


8 8 


Sciota 


5 42 


6 47 


Montreal 8 89 





Moores June 


6 48 


5 41 






By Boat and Champ. 6f St. Law. Rail Road. 




Burlington 





27 100 


Rouse's Pt. 9 52 


24 48 


Plattsburgh 


27 27 


13 73 


St Johns 24 76 


24 24 


Isle la Mott 


13 40 


3 0( 


Montreal 24 100 





Chazy 


3 43 


9 57 






DISTANCES BETWEEN BURLINGTON AND AVHITEHALL BY STEAMBOAT. 




B tow. 


W. to B 


I B. to W. 


W. tOB. 


Burlington 





14 82 


'rhimneyPt. 2 41 


6 41 


Essex 


14 14 


4 ee 


Bridport 6 47 


9 35 


Split Rock 


4 18 


6 64 


Shoreliam 9 56 


2 26 


Basin Harbor 6 24 


4 58 


jTiconderoga 2 58 


4 24 


Westport 


4 28 


2 54 


Orwell 4 62 


7 20 


Barbers Pt. 


2 30 


9 52 


jBenson 7 69 


13 13 


Port Henry 


9 39 


2 43 


IWhitehall 13 82 












TABLES. 




43 


DISTANCES 


BKTWEEX BCRLISGTC.V ASD BOSTON 


BY KAIL 


ROAD. 






By 


way of Montpelier. 








B. 


tOB. 


B. to B 




B. to B. 


B. to B. 


Burlington 








2 252 


N. Hartland 


6 108 


4 144 


"Winooski 


2 


2 


4 'z50 


Hartland 


4 112 


4 140 


Essex 


4 


6 


7 246 


Windsor 


4116 


8 136 


Richmond 


7 


13 


239 


Claremont 


8 124 


9 128 


Bolton 


6 


19 


7 233 


(harlestown 


9 133 


4 119 


AVaterbury 


7 


26 


6 226 


Bellows Falls 4 137 


115 115 


Middlesex 


G 


32 


6 220 


Boston 


115 252 





Montpeliev 


G 


38 


10 214 


By u-ay 


of Concord. 


Korthfield 


10 


48 


7 204 


Burlington 


102 244 


Roxbury 


7 


55" 


8 197 


W R June. 


102 102 


10 142 


Braintree 


8 


63 


6 189 


Enfield 


10 112 


15 132 


Randolph 


6 


69 


7 1^3 


Grafton 


15 127 


25 117 


Bethel 


7 


76 


4 176 


Fran M in 


15 152 


19 92 


N. RoyMlton 


4 


80 


1 17z 


Concoixl 


19 171 


48 73 


Royaltou 


1 


81 


2 171 


Lowell 


48 219 


25 25 


S Royalton 


2 


83 


5 169 


Boston 


25 244 





Sharon 


5 


88 


6 164 


The frreatest 


elevHtinn 


n the Yt. 


West Hartford 6 


94 


8 158 


Oiitral Rail Koad is 997 i 


cet above 


W Riv June 


. 8 102 


6 150 


the Oceau in R 


oxbury. 




DISTASCFS P 


ETWEEN BrRLIXGTO.V AND PORTLAND BY WAY OF itoN- 






TRUAL, BY RAIL ROAD. 








B. 


top. 


P to B 




B. to p. 


p. to B. 


Burlington 





101 393 


Coaticook 


7 219 


25 174 


Montreal 


101 101 


12 292 


Islond Pond 


25 244 


9 149 


Boucherville 


12 113 


7 28<» 


Wen lock 


9 253 


6 140 


St. Ililare 


7 120 


13 273 


N. Stratford 


6 259 


12 134 


St. Hyacinth 13 133 


13-260 


N'th'mbTd 


12 271 


19 122 


Upton 


13 146 


6 247 


Milan 


19 290 


12 103 


Acton 


6 152 


8 24i 


Gorham 


12 302 


11 91 


Durham 


8 160 


15 233 


Gilead 


11 313 


10 80 


Richmond 


15 175 


10 218 


Bethel 


10 323 


30 70 


"Windsor 


10 1^5 


14 208 


Oxford 


SO 353 


12 40 


Sherbrooke 


14 199 


2 194 


Danv. June. 


12 365 


17 28 


Lennoxville 


2 201 


11 192 


Yarmouth 


17 382 


il 11 


Compton 


11 


212 


7 181 


Portland 


11 393 






44 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



K ALLEN & Co., 

J^asljionahU J niters, 

Manufiicturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

HATS AND CAPS 

Of every description, LADIES' DRESS FURS, ButRiloes, 
and Fancy Sleigh Robes, Fur Coats, a large vari- 
ety of Gentlemen's Gloves & Mittens, 
Trunks, Valises, Traveling B tgs, 
Umbrellas and Canes. 




North-East Corner Court House Square, 
BURLINGTON, VT. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



45 



PATENT 

RevolTiiig- Mfii2iiii€F Pistol • 




THIS PISTOL is now offered to the public with perfect 
confidence of its superiority over any other pocket revolver. 
For simplicity of construction, ease of loading and capping, 
security of charges and caps, rapidity of discharging, 
power and accuracy, together with convenience in carrying, 
with no liability to accidental discharge, it is far superior 
to any other pistol yet made, and is sold at an extremely 
low price, 

MANUFACTURED BY 

THE ROBBINS k LAWRENCE COMPANY, 

■WINDSOR, _ _ _ _ VERMONT. 

BRINSMAID, BROTHER, & CO., Agents, 

Burlington, Vt. 



46 



ADVERTISEMENTS, 



BY B. C. WEBSTER, 

Good Carriages in readiness at the Depot to convey Pas- 
sengers to and from the House, //ee of charge. 



Hat, Gap & Fur Store, 




Hats, Gaps, Furs, Straw Goods, 

TRUNKS, VALISES, LADIES' BONNET CASES, TRAV- 
ELING BAGS, CANKS, UMBRELLAS, BUF- 
FALO AND FANCY SLEIGH ROBES, FUR 
OVER C )ATS, MUFFS, BOAS, COL- 
LARS, VICTOKINES, CUFFS, 

ihxul 36iirk &\m% %\\\n% ku 

Custom Work and Repairing of all kinds executed 

with neatness and despatch. 

Cash Paid for Shipping Furs. 

College Street, 2d door from Chui'ch. . Burlington. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



47 



H. H. BOSTWICM, 

MANUFACTURER OP 

Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Ware, 

EAVE TROUGHS & CONDUCTORS. 
TIN ROOFING DONE TO ORDER. 




ALSO, DEALER IN 

[Hot Air Furnaces, Cooking Ranges, 
B A T H F' I X T U U K S , 

i^ STOVES AND STOVE FUKNEIUUE, PUMPS, 
LEAD PIPE, ZINi\ k<\, Ac. 

ISAAC DOW, Agent. 
f^crfURCrr srrfet, burli>gton, vt. 



€k. IF. BAXT13II, &. Co., 

IMrCRTCr.S AXD DEALtRS IX 

€xQt\\tr]j, China ani) 6la5S Marc, 

TABLE CUTLERY, PAPER HANGLNGS, 

ES O L A R , 3 T / N D A r D H A N O ! N .5 LAMPS, 
FLUID T.AMPS AND FLUID, 

^ilhn pLitclJ anb Brfttnnnia m^xt, 

CASTOHS, SPOONS, &c. 
No. 1 I/oavenw^vth Muck, College St., 

si;JJ.y„":.J Burlington, Vt. 



48 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



^^imii^M ^^Mmmmh^ 




BY L. S. DREW, & A. PROUTY, Jr. 

BURT.INaTQN, - - VERMONT. 

I^BURLINGTON FRICTION MATCH CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Round & Square Matches^ 

PUT UP AS FOLLOWS : 

KOLTND MATCHES, 
In Paper and Round Wood Boxes, 

In 1-4 Gross Papers and 1000 Splint Boxes. 

■n-HICH WILL BK SOLD AT THE 

E. B. EDDY, Agent. 
Pioneer Mechanic's Shop, . Burlington, Vt. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



49 



©a 6^. w>mi® 



Li^'ory |^, Stable 



West side of 

THE PARK 
BURLINGTON, 




3 doors North of 

AMERICAN HOTEL, 

Nearly in front. 

VERMONT. 

Good Horses and Convenient Carriages, Barouches, 
Chaise and Buggies, Ready at 5 Minutes Notice. 

0= Enquire at Office of American Hotel. 

Mesmeric ISTerve Restorative. 



This compound Nervine was discovered and revealed to 
Dr. Stoxe by a celebrated clairvoyant, whose wonderful 
powers of second sight were developed and exhibited by him 
in London during the spring and summer of 1851. The 
efficacy of this newly discovered remedy in restoring to 
healthy action and increasing the vital energies, has been 
well tested and proved to a demonstration by the proprie- 
tor, in his treatment of 

NERVOUS DISEASES. 

during three year's practice in Europe, where hundreds 
can testify to astonishing and almost miraculous cures per- 
formed by it. In addition to the magical powers of the in- 
gredients, it is highly charged with Mesmeric fluid, being 



50 ADVERTISEMENTS. 

in accordance with the directions of the Clairvoyant pow- 
erfully Mesmerized by Dr. StOxNE, thus combining with its 
medicinal virtues the aid of Mesmerism, by which alone 
some ofthe most Remarkable Cures have been performed 
ever known. It is a specific for every Neurotic Disease, and 
may be relied upon as a certain cure for Rheumatism, Neu- 
ralgia. Paralysis, Tic Doloureux, Nervous Headache, Pain 
in The'side or Stomach and General Nervous Debility. 

Let the afflicted try it. One trial will convince them 
that the Mesmeric J\'erve Restorative is the most valuable 
Remedy for the above complaints that has 

EVER BEEN DISCOVERED. 

Sold wholesale and Retail by S. B. Nichols, (who is 
Sole Agent for the State of Vermont, at his Bookstore, at 
Burlington. Price 50 cts. per Bottle. 

DR. STONE'S COUGH, CONSUMPTION & BRONCHITIS 

ELIXIR. 

Dr S would al?o call the attention of the public to his 
invaluable remedy for coughs, colds, consumption, and all 
bronchial affections. It will give immediate relief where 
the m.st severe cough exists, and in a few days cure the 
mo'^t troublesome cold. As a preventive and cure ot con- 
sumption it has never been equalled. It contains no pois- 
onous ingredients, and may he given to the most delicate 
child without fear or risk. This medicine has been tried 
successfully in hundieds of cases the p:ist winter, and no 
family should he without it. It never h is failed to benetit. 
The trade supplied at low rates. Directions accompanying 
each bottle. Price 25 cents— 5 bottle.- f».r $1. 

S. H. NICHOLS, General Agent, to whom all ordeis 
must be addressed. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 51 



No further need of going to New York 
or Boston for 

WM. H. ROOT & CO., successors to I. S. ALLEN, 

Nos. 2^3 Leavensworth Block, College Street, 
BURLINGTON, VT. 

§mtxi Jfmitititre Store, 

Constantly on hand a splendid assortment of Furniture, 
Mattresses, Beds, Upholstery, &c., &c., of quality and 
style not excelled in the cities, viz : Black Walnut and 
Mahogany Parlor Furniture, consisting of French SofaSy 
Easxj Chairs and French Chairs covered in Plush, Dam- 
ask, Brocatelle or Hair Cloth to suit the purchaser. 
FRENCH STYLE, CENTRE AND SIDE TABLES, 
with and without marble tops, 
GILT AND OTHER FRAME LOOKING GLASSES, 
Rich and Common 

Curtain Materials, 

And every article needed to Furnish Parlors in the most 
Fashionable Styles, also, 

LOW PRICED FURNITURE, 

Of all kinds ; Drawing and Sitting Room Furniture of 

every desirable style. Also manufacturers 

of the celebrated 

SPIRAL SPRING BEDS, 

Fitted to any sized Bedstead. They are recommended for 
their durability and cheapness, besides being more com- 

4 



52 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



fortable than any other bed extant, fitting the body in any 
posture the person may choose. 

Hotels and Steamboats furnished at the shortest notice, 
and on the most reasonable terms. 

i^Persons in want of Furniture will do well to call 
before purchasing. 

WM. H. ROOT & CO. 

BURLINGTON 

BOOT & SHOE STORE, 

M. L. CHURCH, Proprietor. . H. TRACY, Agent. 

Constantly on hand a large and well selected assortment of 

BOOTS SHOES AND RUBBERS, 

Made by the best Manufacturers in New England 

EXPRESSLY FOR THIS MARKET. 

For sale at Wholesale and Retail, at very low prices 

53" (2i 5:a csi ^s^ ^ J3a a 

C. F. STA^IFOUD, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 

CARPETING, 

Matting, Rugs, Counterpanes, Drapery 
Muslin, Embroideries, Hosiery, 
Gloves, Ribbons, Silks, &c. 

Comprising a full stock of Ladies' and Gentlemen's Fur- 
nishing and Housekeeping Dry Goods. 

156 Churh St. Burlington, Vt. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 53 



BRINSMAID BROTHER & CO. 
BURLINGTON, - - - VERMONT. 

DEALER IN 

Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, 

PLATED WARE. 

Of all kinds Fancy Articles and 

DAGUERREOTYPE GOODS. 

Manufacturers of 

Gold Pins, Rings, Badges, Beads, Silver 
Spoons, Porks, Knives, Cups, &c., 

All of which will be wan-anted such as represented. We 
have a arge and splendid assortment of the above, and all 
goods in our line, which will be sold at such prices and 
quantities as to suit customers. 

WATCHES, CLOCKS AND JEWELRY 

cleaned and repaired by experienced workmen. 

BRINSMAID BROTHER & CO. 
Church Street, Burlington, Vt. 

R. M. GUILFOED, 

(Successor to James A, Walker,) 
DEALER IN 

Ladies, Gents, Boys, Youths, Misses, 
AND CHILDREN'S 

No. 3 Bank Block, [B{10[BiLflEl®ir®E]^ WIT^ 

GEO. W. ALLEN, Agent. All work warranted. 



54 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



SLOMAN & TURK'S 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

Clothing Warehouse, 

No. 2 Bank Block, two doors west of Commercial Bank, 
Constantly on hand a large and fashiqjial )le stock of 



i 



urn Mil CLO 

AND 

Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, 

WIIICII WILL BE SOLD 

AT THE LOWEST CASH PRICES. 

BOYS CLOTHING IN GREAT VAEIETY. 
60i BOWERY, N. Y., MAIN STREET, Norwalk, Conn. 

Wholesale & Retail Dealer in 

STAPLE AND FANCY DRY GOODS AND 
GROCERIES— ALSO, 

Carpeting^Oil Cloth, Matting, 

PAPER HANGINGS, &c. 
156 Church st., - - Burlington, Vt. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 55 



SAMUEL B. NICHOLS, 

WHOLESALE 




PAGED BLANK BOOK MANUFACTORY, 

Jobber and Retail Dealer in 

SCHOOL, CLASSICAL, 

AND 

MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. 

English, French and American Stationery, 

No I, Peck's Block, Court House Square, 

BURLINGTON, - - VERMONT. 

Writing Paper of every grade, 

SIZE AND PRICE. 

Cap, and Letter Paper, plain or ^'^J^'^'Jf^^^^J^'^l *' l^o 
ream. Commercial Note, blue and white, from ^1,1-f^ to 
$2,00, with a large stock of 

BATH GILT, ENVELOPE AND NOTE PAPERS 

at mill prices A large assortment of "/^^r'^w'-.^^nw' 
Rope and ManiHa Wrapping papers. Low s J^iW^jg. 
all sizes at mill prices ; the following now 0}^^^^^ JO 
m 15 20, 25 lbs. Straw Paper, a good article, assorted 
sizes at 37.^, 50, 62^, 75, 1.00 and 1.25. 

STATIONERY, 

a large assortment at low prices, Premium Paged Blank 
Books, a large stock of all sizes, qualities and prices. My 
Books received the first premium at the State t air m Sep- 



56 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



tember, and are warranted stronger and better made than 
city work. Demy Books at 62^ to $2,00, Cap Full Bound 
Books at 25, 30, 37^ and 50 cents a quire, Cap Half Bound 
Books at 12^, 15, 18 and 25 cents a quire. Also a large 
assortment of Diaries, Writing books. Pass Books, &c. 
A very heavy stock of 

SCHOOL BOOKS, 

adapted to Schools in this section, which will be sold at 
wholesale for Cash, at city prices. Of 

MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. 

I have a large Stock, and many of them I can sell at about 
one-half the usual prices. New Books received as soon as 
published. I continue to bind Magazines, Music, &c., &c., 
in every style of Binding. Particular attention paid to 
Gilding and Ornamental Work. I have the best of Work- 
men, Stock and Tools, and prices are low. 

ARTISTS MATERIALS, 

Consisting of Oil Colors in Tubes. The best of colors in a 
dry state for Monochromatic, Polychromatic Drawing and 
Wax Flowers. Colored Crayons in round and flat boxes — 
Black and White Crayons, Crayon Holders, Blenders, 
Pallets and Pallet Knives. Canvas, Bristol Board, Crayon 
Board, &c., &c. Damon's, Wood's, Whipple's and other 
Marble Board. 



I c I ^ nn 



I 



d^N't 






w 



■% &% 



mmm% 

Book Seller, Stationer, and 
Book Binder, 

Court House Square, opposite American Tlotel, 

BURLINGTON, VT. 

KEEPS CONSTANTLY ON HAND A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 
AT THE LOWEST RATES. 



All of the New Publications received as soon as 

published — Magazines, Cheap Publications, 

&c. &c. 



i 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




